Why HR and accounting should share one provider in Thailand: how payroll, SSO and PND 1 data reconcile with your books and PND 50 in 2026

Payroll, Social Security Office (SSO) and PND 1 filings report the same salary costs that a company later deducts on its PND 50 corporate income tax return. The figures therefore have to reconcile, and any timing differences need to be documented. When one team produces the payroll register, posts the payroll journal entries and prepares PND 50, every figure comes from one data set. Settlr Global runs payroll (People & HR) and accounting (Business Operations) on one platform for companies operating in Thailand, and this guide follows the data from payslip to tax return.

Key takeaways

About the Author

This guide was prepared by Settlr Global's payroll and accounting team in Bangkok under Managing Director Gagan Ajmani, who has 15+ years of regional experience across Southeast Asia. Settlr Global is the operating arm of WOWS Global and handles payroll filings and corporate accounting for clients on one platform.

What does it mean to reconcile payroll with the books in Thailand?

Reconciling payroll with the books means showing that the salaries, tax withheld and social security contributions reported to the government match the amounts recorded in the general ledger. Several rule sets apply together: the Revenue Code, the Social Security Act, the Labour Protection Act and Thai Financial Reporting Standards[1].

A company should be able to trace every figure in this table back to one payroll register. If it cannot, someone will have to rebuild the reconciliation by hand at year end.

How do PND 1 and SSO filings flow into payroll journal entries?

Filings and the ledger meet in the payroll journal entry. Every amount withheld for PND 1 or Form 1-10 is first recorded as a liability and only later paid out. Through PND 1, Thailand's Revenue Department collects the personal income tax withheld from employees. Online filing moves the due date from 7 to 15 days after the month end for returns due up to 31 January 2027, so check each cycle against the Thailand Tax Calendar 2026[3].

A typical monthly accrual has five lines:

When the tax, contributions and net salaries are paid, each liability is debited and cleared. A payable that does not return to zero is often the earliest sign that a filing and the ledger disagree, and it should be investigated in the same month.

How does payroll data reach the PND 50 corporate income tax return?

Twelve months of payroll journal entries add up to the salary and social security deductions a company claims under Thailand corporate income tax rules. According to the Revenue Department, Thai and foreign companies carrying on business in Thailand are required to file Form CIT 50[4]. The Department publishes this form as the Income Tax Return for Companies or Juristic Partnerships (P.N.D.50)[5]. The return is generally due within 150 days of the fiscal year end[4].

Before filing PND 50, a company should be able to show that this formula holds:

Ledger salary expense = PND 1 employment income for the year + year-end accruals minus prior-year accruals paid this year

The same check applies to employer SSO expense against the 12 Form 1-10 submissions. Withholding happens when salary is paid, but the ledger records salary when it is earned. A December bonus accrued in the 2026 accounts and paid the following January will therefore appear on the next year's PND 1[3]. That is a legitimate difference, provided it is documented.

The reconciliation schedule should be kept with the PND 50 working papers.

Where do payroll and accounting records commonly fall out of sync?

The formula above only works if each month's data is complete. Gaps usually start with routine events during the year and only become visible when the annual return is prepared.

Each row should be checked every month so problems do not first appear in February.

Why does one provider for HR and accounting reduce reconciliation risk?

Companies in Thailand often buy payroll outsourcing, bookkeeping and tax work from separate firms. Each mismatch above tends to occur at the handover between those firms, where the payroll register behind PND 1 has to reach whoever posts the ledger. Separate providers can work well if the register and filing receipts arrive by an agreed date each month. When they don't, the cost of a split setup usually shows up at year end, when explaining a difference means two firms searching their records for the same month.

With Settlr Global, for example, the People & HR service line runs payroll (gross-to-net calculation, PND 1 e-filing, SSO and itemized payslips). The Business Operations service line handles accounting and tax, including PND 50, on the same platform. The ledger can stay in Xero, Zoho Books or QuickBooks.

How does an employer of record change the reconciliation for companies without a Thai entity?

The reconciliation chain above assumes the company has its own Thai entity to file PND 1 and PND 50. Overseas companies without one can hire through an employer of record. The provider becomes the legal employer under its Thai company, while the client directs the day-to-day work.

Under an employer of record, Thailand payroll filings are made by the provider's entity, and the client's books record a monthly service invoice.

Settlr Global reports a first EOR hire in about 2 days, with fees from THB 8,999 per employee per month for a local hire and THB 10,999 for an expat hire. Employees can later move to the client's own Thai company. From that month, the company's payroll reconciliation should start fresh on its own ledger.

What monthly reconciliation routine should a Thai company follow in 2026?

Whichever structure a company uses, reconciliation is easier as a monthly habit than as a year-end project. Five steps cover it:

Frequently asked questions

When is PND 1 due each month?

PND 1 is due within 7 days after the end of the month of payment, or within 15 days when filed online for returns due up to 31 January 2027. Online filing has been required since January 2024 unless the employer attaches a letter explaining why it cannot[3].

What is PND 1 Kor?

PND 1 Kor is the annual summary of employment income and tax withheld, due by the end of February and filed electronically unless the employer attaches a letter explaining why it cannot. The online extension to 8 March covers only returns due up to 31 January 2027[3]. It should equal the 12 monthly PND 1 filings and the 50 Tawi certificates issued to employees.

Does PND 1 withholding settle an employee's personal income tax?

Withholding is generally a prepayment[8]. Employees typically still file an annual Thailand personal income tax return and use their 50 Tawi certificate as evidence of tax already withheld. The Payroll Tax Calculator gives an estimate for planning purposes.

When is PND 50 due?

PND 50 is generally due within 150 days of the fiscal year end. Thai and foreign companies carrying on business in Thailand are required to file it.

Can a company keep separate payroll and accounting providers?

It can. Separate accounting, payroll and HR providers in Thailand can work well when the payroll register and filing receipts reach the accountant by a fixed date every month.

Who files PND 1 for employees hired through an EOR?

The employer of record files PND 1 and the SSO contributions under its own Thai company, because it is the legal employer.

About Settlr Global

Settlr Global is the operating arm of WOWS Global, a Singapore-incorporated corporate advisory and investment banking group, and an all-in-one platform for company setup, accounting and tax, payroll, visas and Employer of Record in Thailand. It brings those services under a single team, so founders do not have to coordinate separate local agencies.

To check how your payroll, SSO and PND 1 data line up with your books before the next PND 50, talk to the Settlr Global team at settlrglobal.com.

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